Autograph letters of naturalists, 1744-1894 1744-1894

Gray, Asa, 1810-1888

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Often called the “Father of American Botany,” Asa Gray was instrumental in establishing systematic botany as a field of study at Harvard University and, to some extent, in the United States. His relationships with European and North American botanists and collectors enabled him to serve as a central clearing house for the identification of plants from newly explored areas of North America. He also served as a link between American and European botanical sciences. Gray regularly reviewed new Euro...

Torrey, John, 1796-1873

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John Torrey (1796-1873) was one of the greatest figures in American botanical history. He led botanists in the adoption of the natural system of classification. His extensive herbarium became the foundation of the New York Botanical Garden Herbarium. Appointed botanist for the Geological Survey of the State of New York in 1836, he published the first compete flora of the state in addition to preparing descriptions of plants collected during surveys for the Pacific railroad routes, the...

Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia

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The oldest natural science research institution and museum in the Americas, the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia was founded in 1812 "for the encouragement and cultivation of the sciences, and the advancement of useful learning." Since the founding of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, there have been twenty-eight presidents and five acting presidents (please see additional note for a complete list of Academy presidents). From 1937 to 1995, there were four pre...

Agassiz, Louis, 1807-1873

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Swiss-American zoologist and geologist. Professor of zoology and geology at Harvard University. Louis Agassiz was born in Môtier-en-Vuly, Switzerland. He studied at the universities of Zürich, Erlangen (Ph.D., 1829), Heidelberg, and Munich (M.D., 1830). Agassiz studied medicine briefly but turned to zoology, with a special interest in fishes and fossils, while studying under the French naturalist Cuvier. In 1832 he became professor of natural history at the University of Neuchâtel, Sw...

Von Humboldt, Alexander, 1769-1859

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Born in Berlin, Germany, and educated at the universities of Frankfurt and Göttingen, Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859) was one of the most prominent European figures of his age. His fame largely derived from his scientific expedition in Latin America between 1799 and 1804, which resulted in numerous discoveries, particularly related to physical geography and meteorology. Notably, he spent 1803 in New Spain (present day Mexico) conducting a census of the territory. Source: Alexander von ...

Keating, William Hypolitus, 1799-1840

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Charles Lucian Bonaparte was a naturalist and ornithologist. From the guide to the Correspondence, 1824-1855, from American scientists, 1824-1855, (American Philosophical Society) Keating was professor of mineralogy and chemistry at the University of Pennsylvania, 1822-1828. He supervised a silver mine at Temascalapa, Mexico for 4 years, returned and became a member of the Pennsylvania legislature in 1832. Chemicals and equipment recorded in this stock book were...

Rafinesque, C.S. (Constantine Samuel), 1783-1840

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Charles Lucian Bonaparte was a naturalist and ornithologist. From the guide to the Correspondence, 1824-1855, from American scientists, 1824-1855, (American Philosophical Society) Naturalist. From the description of Letter of C. S. Rafinesque, 1826. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 79449937 From the description of Letter : Lexington, Ky., to Thomas Leaming, Philadelphia, 1821 Apr. 12. (Bryn Mawr College). WorldCat record id: 29458820 C. S. Rafines...

Du Ponceau, Peter Stephen, 1760-1844

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Du Ponceau was a Philadelphia lawyer who arrived in Portsmouth, N.H., from France in 1777, achieved early prominence as an aide to von Steuben, and as secretary to Robert Livingston, Secretary of Foreign Affairs for the Congress in 1781. Du Ponceau was admitted to the Philadelphia Bar in 1785 where his familiarity with both American and European law brought him an important practice. His intellectual interests included both history and linguistics and he published extensively in both fields. He ...

Waterton, Charles, 1782-1865

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English cleric William Buckland worked as a geologist and vertebrate paleontologist. The first Reader of Geology, University of Oxford (from 1819), Buckland is most noted as the scientific discoverer of dinosaurs. From the guide to the William Buckland papers, 1817-1848, 1817-1848, (American Philosophical Society) English naturalist. From the description of Autograph letter signed : Walton Hall, to Neville Wood, 1835 May 20. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 2706601...

Wilson, Alexander, 1766-1813

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"Father of American ornithology." From the description of Letter to Daniel H. Miller [manuscript], 1808 December 24. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 647841763 From the description of Letter to Daniel H. Miller [manuscirpt], 1809 February 15. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 48823462 Epithet: Secretary, Society for Emancipation of Industry British Library Archives and Manuscripts Catalogue : Person : Description : ark:/81055/vdc...

Ord, George, 1781-1866

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George Ord was a naturalist and philologist. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1817. From the description of Correspondence, 1844-1852, to Titian Ramsay Peale. (American Philosophical Society Library). WorldCat record id: 122632852 From the description of Notes, [n.d.], on the use of French verbs. (American Philosophical Society Library). WorldCat record id: 122380137 Ord was a naturalist and philologist. From the description of Geo...

Pickering, Edward C. (Edward Charles), 1846-1919

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Epithet: Director, Harvard Astronomical Observatory British Library Archives and Manuscripts Catalogue : Person : Description : ark:/81055/vdc_100000000342.0x0000b9 Pickering (Harvard, S.B., 1865) taught astronomy at Harvard and was director of the Harvard College Observatory. From the description of Papers of Edward Charles Pickering, 1850-1918 (inclusive). (Harvard University). WorldCat record id: 76972845 ...

Morton, Samuel George, 1799-1851

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Samuel George Morton was a physician, naturalist, and anthropologist. From the description of Papers, 1819-1850. (American Philosophical Society Library). WorldCat record id: 122489495 From the description of Diary, 1833-[ca. 1837]. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 173465849 From the description of Papers, 1838-1844. (American Philosophical Society Library). WorldCat record id: 17270630 From the description of Letter book : Philadelphia, Pa., 1832-1837. (Peki...

Mease, James, 1771-1846

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James Mease (Aug. 11, 1771-May 14, 1846), physician, scientific thinker and author, was one of Philadelphia's most prominent citizens and an ardent booster of both the United States and Pennsylvania. His interests were wide-ranging, as were his contacts with notable figures in science, agriculture and natural history in the United States and abroad. Mease was born in Philadelphia into a wealthy and patriotic shipping merchant family; during the Revolutionary War his father, John Mease, served in...

Hembel, William

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Silliman, Benjamin, 1779-1864

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Benjamin Silliman was a chemist and naturalist, and was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1805. From the description of Correspondence, 1808-1859. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 173466220 Physician and chemist of New Haven, Connecticut. From the description of Note, 1853, Sept. 28 : New Haven, Connecticut, to Isaac Waldron. (Duke University). WorldCat record id: 35359361 Educator and scientist. From the description of Papers of...

Collins, Zaccheus, 1764-1831

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Zaccheus Collins was a merchant and botanist. From the description of Botanical correspondence of Zaccheus Collins of Philadelphia, 1805-1827. (American Philosophical Society Library). WorldCat record id: 86165422 From the guide to the Zaccheus Collins botanical correspondence, 1805-1827, 1805-1827, (American Philosophical Society) Zaccheus Collins (1764-1831) was a plant collector and herbarium owner from Philadelphia. Collins was an esteemed botanist ...